Their popularity was one reason why silents persisted well into the 1930s in Japan.įew film scores have survived intact from this period, and musicologists are still confronted by questions in attempting a precise reconstruction of those which remain. The benshi became a central element in Japanese film form, as well as providing translation for foreign (mostly American) movies (Standish, 2005). In Japan, films had not only live music, but the benshi, a live narrator who provided commentary and character voices. The early cinema of Brazil featured fitas cantatas, filmed operettas with singers lip-synching behind the screen (Parkinson, 1995, p. Griffith's groundbreaking epic The Birth of a Nation (USA, 1915) it became relatively common for films to arrive at the exhibiting theatre with original, specially composed scores (Eyman, 1997).īy the height of the silent era, movies were the single largest source of employment for instrumental musicians (at least in America) and the introduction of talkies, which happened simultaneously with the onset of the Great Depression, was devastating.įilm industries in some countries devised other ways of bringing sound to silents.
Starting with mostly original score composed by Joseph Carl Breil for D.W.
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Once full features became commonplace, however, music was compiled from Photoplay music by the pianist, organist, orchestra conductor or the movie studio itself, which would send out a cue sheet with the film. The scores for silents were often more or less improvised early in the medium's history. Massive theatrical organs such as the famous "mighty Wurlitzer" could simulate some orchestral sounds along with a number of sound effects. From the mid-teens onward, large city theaters tended to have organists or entire orchestras. Small town and neighbourhood movie theaters usually had a pianist. From the beginning, music was recognized as essential, contributing to the atmosphere and giving the audience vital emotional cues (musicians sometimes played on film sets during shooting for similar reasons). Showings of silent films almost always featured live music, starting with the pianist at the first public projection of movies by the Lumière Brothers on Decemin Paris (Cook, 1990). Intertitles (or titles as they were generally called at the time) often became graphic elements themselves, featuring illustrations or abstract decorations that commented on the action of the film or enhanced its atmosphere.
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The title writer became a key professional in silent film and was often separate from the scenario writer who created the story. Since silent films had no synchronized sound for dialogue, onscreen intertitles were used to narrate story points, present key dialogue and sometimes even comment on the action for the cinema audience. The visual quality of silent movies (especially those produced during the 1920s) was often extremely high but later televised presentations of poor, second or even third generation copies made from already damaged and neglected stock (usually played back at incorrect speeds and with inappropriate music) led to the widely held misconception that these films were primitive and barely watchable by modern standards. The art of motion pictures grew into full maturity before silent films were replaced by talking pictures or talkies and many film buffs believe the aesthetic quality of cinema decreased for several years as the new medium of sound was adapted to the movies. The years before sound came to the movies are known as the silent era among film scholars and historians. The silent film era is sometimes referred to as the "Age of the Silver Screen". But the silent picture was a universal language through its messages. The idea of combining motion pictures with recorded sound is nearly as old as the motion picture itself, but because of the technical challenges involved, most films were silent before the late 1920s. The technology for silent films was invented around 1860, but remained a novelty until around 1880 - 1900, when films on a single reel became easily produced. Related subjects: FilmsĪ silent film is a film with no accompanying, synchronized recorded spoken dialogue.
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